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arXiv · 2605.21615

ASSEMBLAGE-DEEPHISTORY: A Cross-Build Binary Dataset with Temporal Coverage

Chang Liu·Noah Fleischmann·Nicolò Altamura·Edward Raff·James Holt·Kristopher Micinski
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Abstract

Existing binary corpora typically capture only one or two axes of binary variation: they either provide cross-compiler builds without a temporal axis, or CVE labels for single-build binaries. None combine cross-build diversity, cross-version history, and CVE labels into a queryable structure. We present ASSEMBLAGE-DEEPHISTORY, which consolidates these dimensions into a unified framework where every binary's compilation context, source code, vulnerable functions, and package version are stored as first-class metadata. ASSEMBLAGE-DEEPHISTORY comprises 73,610 binaries spanning 248 open-source projects, compiled across GCC, Clang, and MSVC at multiple optimization levels on Linux and Windows, with multi-year historical builds. Each binary is indexed in a database that links it to its source code, functions, debug info, variant builds, historical versions, and vulnerable functions. Three analyses demonstrate this structure's value: (1) a three-stage LLM benchmark (recognition, strategy-guided detection, and cross-build transfer) to test whether LLMs reason about binary vulnerabilities or pattern-match on build-specific artifacts; (2) a comparison of MalConv embeddings, jTrans function embeddings, and TLSH fuzzy hashes quantifying how same-package versions cluster in each space; and (3) a Bayesian regression decomposing binary similarity into contributions from temporal distance, file changes, and commits.

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Chang Liu, Noah Fleischmann, Nicolò Altamura, Edward Raff, James Holt, Kristopher Micinski. 2026-05-20. ASSEMBLAGE-DEEPHISTORY: A Cross-Build Binary Dataset with Temporal Coverage. https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.21615

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