VEELA: A Clinically-Constrained Benchmark for Liver Vessel Segmentation in Computed Tomography Angiography

Ziya Ata Yazıcı; N. Sinem Gezer; İlkay Öksüz; İlker Özgür Koska; Tuğçe Toprak; Pervin Bulucu; Ufuk Beşenk; A. Emre Kavur; Pierre-Henri Conze; Hazım Kemal Ekenel; Oğuz Dicle; Mustafa Ege Şeker; Mustafa Said Kartal; Ariorad Moniri; Orhan Özkan; Osman Faruk Bayram; Hakan Polat; Musa Balcı; Ece Tuğba Cebeci; Baran Cılga; Kardelen Peçenek; M. Alper Selver

arXiv · 2605.22357

VEELA: A Clinically-Constrained Benchmark for Liver Vessel Segmentation in Computed Tomography Angiography

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Abstract

Accurate segmentation of hepatic and portal vessels in contrast-enhanced computed tomography angiography (CTA) remains challenging due to complex vascular topology, peripheral visibility limitations, and acquisition-induced ambiguities. While existing public datasets offer valuable benchmarks, few include clinically realistic annotation constraints. We introduce VEELA (Vessel Extraction and Extrication for Liver Analysis), a rigorously curated liver vessel dataset derived from 40 CTA scans inherited from the CHAOS grand-challenge cohort. All vessels were manually delineated slice-by-slice under multi-expert consensus, using a strict visibility-driven annotation policy and avoiding anatomically inferred interpolation. This design explicitly captures anatomical variability and imaging-related uncertainty. As a continuation of the CHAOS challenge, VEELA enables reproducible cross-benchmark evaluation while extending the scope to fine-grained hepatic and portal vessel segmentation. We further establish a standardized benchmarking framework and analyze complementary evaluation metrics, including topology-aware (clDice), overlap-based (IoU), boundary-sensitive (NSD), and geometry-aware (area, length) measures. Our results demonstrate that different metrics capture distinct aspects of vascular integrity, underscoring the necessity of multi-perspective evaluation for clinically meaningful vessel segmentation. VEELA is publicly released to facilitate reproducible research and support the development of robust vascular segmentation methods. Researchers can access the evaluation metrics, dataset, and submission platform at https://www.synapse.org/Synapse:syn65471967.

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Ziya Ata Yazıcı, N. Sinem Gezer, İlkay Öksüz, İlker Özgür Koska, Tuğçe Toprak, Pervin Bulucu, Ufuk Beşenk, A. Emre Kavur, Pierre-Henri Conze, Hazım Kemal Ekenel, Oğuz Dicle, Mustafa Ege Şeker, Mustafa Said Kartal, Ariorad Moniri, Orhan Özkan, Osman Faruk Bayram, Hakan Polat, Musa Balcı, Ece Tuğba Cebeci, Baran Cılga, Kardelen Peçenek, M. Alper Selver. 2026-05-21. VEELA: A Clinically-Constrained Benchmark for Liver Vessel Segmentation in Computed Tomography Angiography. https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.22357

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