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arXiv · 2605.24272

Characterization of Aluminum Microwave SQUID Multiplexers for CE$ν$NS Detection

James Amidei·Antoine Armatol·Corinne Augier·Louis Bailly-Salins·Guillaume Baulieu·Laurent Bergé·Julien Billard·Juliette Blé·Gaby Brenot·Guillaume Bres·Jean-Louis Bret·Alexandre Broniatowski·Martino Calvo·Antonella Cavanna·Antoine Cazes·Emanuela Celi·David Chaize·Mohammed Chala·Maurice Chapellier·Luke Chaplinsky·Ran Chen·Ion Cojocari·Jules Colas·Laurent Couraud·Elspeth Cudmore·Maryvonne De Jesus·Pierre de Marcillac·Nicole Dombrowski·Louis Dumoulin·Alan Durnez·Romain Faure·Sylvain Ferriol·Enectali Figueroa-Feliciano·Joseph A. Formaggio·Stephane Fuard·Jules Gascon·Cloé Girard-Carillo·Andrea Giuliani·Corinne Goy·Cyrille Guerin·Leïla Haegel·Patrick M. Harrington·Scott A. Hertel·Cyrus F. Hirjibehedin·Christophe Hoarau·Ziqing Hong·Daemon Howard·Jean-Christophe Ianigro·Yong Jin·Alexandre Juillard·Dimitar Karaivanov·Temirlan Khussainov·Andrew Kubik·Jacob Lamblin·Tatiana Le Bellec·Laetitia Leroy·Mingyu Li·Alexey Lubashevskiy·Stefanos Marnieros·Romain Martin·Nicolas Martini·Julien Minet·Alessandro Monfardini·Franck Mounier·Bethany M. Niedzielski·Valentina Novati·Wiliam D. Oliver·Emiliano Olivieri·H. Douglas Pinckney·Denys V. Poda·Dmitrii Ponomarev·Jean-Sébastien Real·Faith C. Reyes·Alejandro Rodriguez·Sergey Rozov·Irina Rozova·Brianna Ryan·Deeksha Sabhari·Silvia Scorza·Kyle Serniak·Renaud Serra·Yegor Shevchik·Torsten Soldner·Hannah Stickler·Caitlyn Stone-Whitehead·Christian Ulysse·Wouter Van De Pontseele·Sergey Vasilyev·Paul Vittaz·Steven Weber·Evan Wolfe·Wayne Woods·Evgeny Yakushev·Jiatong Yang·Daniya Zinatulina
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Abstract

We present the design, fabrication, and characterization of an aluminum-based six-channel microwave SQUID multiplexer ($μ$MUX) prototype for transition-edge sensor (TES) readout in the RICOCHET experiment. The device consists of aluminum coplanar-waveguide resonators and RF SQUIDs with Dolan-style Al/AlO$_x$/Al Josephson junctions. By measuring the resonator scattering parameters at a range of probe tone frequencies, powers, and flux bias points, we demonstrate agreement between the device response and existing multiplexer models. We also characterize the noise performance in both open-loop and flux-ramping modes. With a high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) amplifier, open-loop measurements yield a flux sensitivity of 1-1.5 $μΦ_0/\sqrt{Hz}$. With flux-ramp modulation, low-frequency 1/f noise is suppressed, and the flux sensitivity is around 3-4 $μΦ_0/\sqrt{Hz}$, corresponding to a current sensitivity of 24-33 $pA/\sqrt{Hz}$ at the input coil. We further demonstrate a reduction in readout noise by incorporating a Josephson traveling-wave parametric amplifier (JTWPA) between the $μ$MUX and the HEMT. This achieves an open-loop flux sensitivity of 0.3-0.6 $μΦ_0/\sqrt{Hz}$ and an effective system noise temperature below 1 K. These results establish aluminum $μ$MUX devices as a viable and extensible readout technology for low-noise cryogenic detector arrays.

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James Amidei, Antoine Armatol, Corinne Augier, Louis Bailly-Salins, Guillaume Baulieu, Laurent Bergé, Julien Billard, Juliette Blé, Gaby Brenot, Guillaume Bres, Jean-Louis Bret, Alexandre Broniatowski, Martino Calvo, Antonella Cavanna, Antoine Cazes, Emanuela Celi, David Chaize, Mohammed Chala, Maurice Chapellier, Luke Chaplinsky, Ran Chen, Ion Cojocari, Jules Colas, Laurent Couraud, Elspeth Cudmore, Maryvonne De Jesus, Pierre de Marcillac, Nicole Dombrowski, Louis Dumoulin, Alan Durnez, Romain Faure, Sylvain Ferriol, Enectali Figueroa-Feliciano, Joseph A. Formaggio, Stephane Fuard, Jules Gascon, Cloé Girard-Carillo, Andrea Giuliani, Corinne Goy, Cyrille Guerin, Leïla Haegel, Patrick M. Harrington, Scott A. Hertel, Cyrus F. Hirjibehedin, Christophe Hoarau, Ziqing Hong, Daemon Howard, Jean-Christophe Ianigro, Yong Jin, Alexandre Juillard, Dimitar Karaivanov, Temirlan Khussainov, Andrew Kubik, Jacob Lamblin, Tatiana Le Bellec, Laetitia Leroy, Mingyu Li, Alexey Lubashevskiy, Stefanos Marnieros, Romain Martin, Nicolas Martini, Julien Minet, Alessandro Monfardini, Franck Mounier, Bethany M. Niedzielski, Valentina Novati, Wiliam D. Oliver, Emiliano Olivieri, H. Douglas Pinckney, Denys V. Poda, Dmitrii Ponomarev, Jean-Sébastien Real, Faith C. Reyes, Alejandro Rodriguez, Sergey Rozov, Irina Rozova, Brianna Ryan, Deeksha Sabhari, Silvia Scorza, Kyle Serniak, Renaud Serra, Yegor Shevchik, Torsten Soldner, Hannah Stickler, Caitlyn Stone-Whitehead, Christian Ulysse, Wouter Van De Pontseele, Sergey Vasilyev, Paul Vittaz, Steven Weber, Evan Wolfe, Wayne Woods, Evgeny Yakushev, Jiatong Yang, Daniya Zinatulina. 2026-05-22. Characterization of Aluminum Microwave SQUID Multiplexers for CE$ν$NS Detection. https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.24272

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