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arXiv · 2605.26189

Max-Window Scale Estimation for Near-Lossless HiF8 W8A8 Quantization-Aware Training

Yingying Cheng·Jinquan Shi·Li Zhou·Zhiyang He·Zhaoyi Sun·Fan Zhang·Jie Sun
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Abstract

Quantization-aware training (QAT) with low-bit floating-point formats enables efficient LLM deployment, yet introduces subtle failure modes invisible to standard training metrics. We present a systematic study of HiF8 W8A8 QAT for OpenPangu-Embedded-1B through the lens of Delayed Tensor Scaling (DTS). Across eight controlled experiments, we identify and disentangle two orthogonal failure modes: (i)amax saturation, where delayed scale estimates silently corrupt knowledge-sensitive representations via forward-pass clipping, and (ii)catastrophic forgetting, where an aggressive learning rate overwrites pretrained commonsense knowledge independently of quantization. Neither is detectable from training loss alone. We address amax saturation with a conservative max-algorithm DTS strategy over a 64-step history window, and mitigate forgetting via a 500-step BF16 warmup followed by QAT at lr=10^{-5}. Both fixes are necessary and sufficient: our final configuration achieves 0.43% MMLU drop, 0.58% HellaSwag drop, and 0.22% ARC-Challenge drop versus a matched BF16 baseline, with a training loss APE of only 0.11% over 10,000 steps.

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Yingying Cheng, Jinquan Shi, Li Zhou, Zhiyang He, Zhaoyi Sun, Fan Zhang, Jie Sun. 2026-05-27. Max-Window Scale Estimation for Near-Lossless HiF8 W8A8 Quantization-Aware Training. https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.26189

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