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arXiv · 2606.12834

Fantastic Scientific Agents and How to Build Them: AgentBuild for Rietveld Refinement

Woong Shin·Craig A. Bridges·Marshall T. McDonnell·Rafael Ferreira da Silva
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Abstract

As scientific workflows shift from deterministic executables to LLM-based agents, the development practices on offer, such as fine-tuning, reinforcement learning, and prompt-and-go, bury the scientist's judgment. We propose treating agent construction as a workflow stage and introduce AgentBuild, which builds a scientific agent from a contract the scientist authors. The contract is a version-controlled rubric, a difficulty-graded curriculum, and a curated external knowledge base. A rubric-driven judge gates a meta-optimizer coding agent that edits the agent within a declared boundary, so the build compiles the agent, not the scientist's judgment. We instantiate this for Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction data through GSAS-II behind MCP and A2A, where a blank-harness construction run progresses through a lithium lanthanum zirconium oxide (LLZO) signal-to-noise ladder, reaches the 4 hour scan as a frontier case, and exposes the workflow-scope limits that remain. The same rubric that rewards credible fits also scores trajectory scope, making the frontier a contract failure rather than a pattern-fitting failure. As base models evolve, re-running AgentBuild is a re-tune, not a rebuild, and the scientist's authored contract remains the durable asset.

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Woong Shin, Craig A. Bridges, Marshall T. McDonnell, Rafael Ferreira da Silva. 2026-06-11. Fantastic Scientific Agents and How to Build Them: AgentBuild for Rietveld Refinement. https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.12834

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