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arXiv · 2607.01377

Liquidity Premium and Investment Horizons

Irene Aldridge
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Abstract

We estimate Kyle's (1985) price-impact coefficient $λ$ directly from daily equity order flow and test its ability to forecast the cross-section of subsequent stock returns. Using CRSP data from 2020 to 2025, we construct firm-month measures of signed order flow and two estimators of $\hatλ_{it}$: a within-month price-impact regression and an Amihud-style ratio. Signed order flow strongly predicts contemporaneous and one-month-ahead returns, while volume volatility predicts lower subsequent returns, consistent with widening price impact degrading price discovery. Fama-MacBeth regressions confirm that our order-flow signal carries significant cross-sectional return information after Newey--West adjustment. Theoretically, we resolve the liquidity premium puzzle of Constantinides (1986) through an adverse-selection mechanism: low order flow widens $λ$ and depresses prices today; subsequent normalization restores prices, generating the illiquidity premium without risk-based compensation.

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Irene Aldridge. 2026-07-01. Liquidity Premium and Investment Horizons. https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.01377

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