PulmoSight-XAI: An Explainable Multi-View Attention Ensemble with Gradient Boosting Meta-Learning for Multi-Label Chest X-Ray Classification

Moshiur Rahman; Shafqat Alam; Tasnia Binte Mamun

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arXiv · 2607.04478

PulmoSight-XAI: An Explainable Multi-View Attention Ensemble with Gradient Boosting Meta-Learning for Multi-Label Chest X-Ray Classification

Moshiur Rahman·Shafqat Alam·Tasnia Binte Mamun

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Abstract

Automated chest X-ray classification remains challenging due to severe class imbalance, co-occurring pathologies, and the loss of localized features in conventional architectures. To address these, we propose an explainable hierarchical multi-view ensemble framework for the robust classification of 14 thoracic pathologies. The framework employs view-specific training by independently modeling frontal and lateral radiographs using an ensemble of five complementary convolutional neural networks. Replacing global average pooling, a multi-scale feature fusion strategy augmented with Convolutional Block Attention Modules (CBAM) preserves fine-grained intermediate representations while emphasizing high-level pathology-specific semantic features. To mitigate positive-negative imbalance and varying inter-class difficulty, models are optimized using a novel hybrid objective combining Asymmetric Loss with Adaptive Focal Loss. Beyond simple probability averaging, the framework incorporates a hierarchical meta-learning strategy where test-time augmentation (TTA) predictions and cross-model uncertainty measures are integrated into Level-1 gradient-boosting meta-learners (XGBoost, LightGBM, and CatBoost), followed by Level-2 stacking with optimized alpha blending. Evaluated on a large-scale CheXpert-style dataset, the framework achieves state-of-the-art macro-average AUROC scores of 0.9319 for frontal and 0.9154 for lateral radiographs. Furthermore, comprehensive explainability analysis using seven post-hoc attribution techniques demonstrates strong anatomical consistency and clinically meaningful decision localization. By integrating architectural diversity, multi-scale attention, hierarchical meta-learning, and rigorous explainability, the proposed framework provides a transparent, highly accurate, and clinically practical computer-aided diagnosis system for thoracic disease classification.

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BibTeX RIS

Moshiur Rahman, Shafqat Alam, Tasnia Binte Mamun. 2026-07-05. PulmoSight-XAI: An Explainable Multi-View Attention Ensemble with Gradient Boosting Meta-Learning for Multi-Label Chest X-Ray Classification. https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.04478

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