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arXiv · 2607.21188

Identifying Good Rules for Efficient SAT Encodings of Single-Constant Multiplication Using Machine Learning

Chufeng Jiang·Neng-Fa Zhou
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Abstract

The Single Constant Multiplication problem is a fundamental NP-hard optimization task in hardware design, which seeks to decompose a fixed constant using only additions, subtractions, and bit-shifts. Although dynamic programming methods can produce near-optimal SAT encodings for SCM, their encoding cost remains high for large constants. We propose a neuro-symbolic framework that accelerates SCM SAT encoding by identifying good rules for guiding operator selection during decomposition. Our approach employs a graph neural network model to predict promising operator types from constant decompositions, and exploits the resulting confidence scores to prune no-good choices in the symbolic search. Experimental results on unseen 17-32 bit constants demonstrate one to two orders of magnitude reductions in encoding time, over 97% reduction in memory usage, and an order-of-magnitude decrease in branching, while preserving near-optimal encoding quality in terms of additions. These results show that learning-guided symbolic strategies can significantly improve the scalability and efficiency of SCM encoding. Our code and data are publicly available at: https://github.com/Chufeng-Jiang/SCM_MLDP

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Chufeng Jiang, Neng-Fa Zhou. 2026-07-23. Identifying Good Rules for Efficient SAT Encodings of Single-Constant Multiplication Using Machine Learning. https://doi.org/10.4204/eptcs.450.6

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