Metaphor Tracer: A Theory-Informed Analysis of Hidden States

Abstract

What do a language model's hidden states say about the organization of a single text? From one forward pass, without training, we score every token position on two properties. The *aggregator* measures whether the position consolidates the whole text into a stable configuration. The *differentiator*, whether other tokens are transiently carried into its subspace as the model reads: metaphor in its root sense, transport. Constants were frozen on one discovery text; every other is confirmatory. The aggregator is not, in the classic sense, an information measure, nor a measure of salience. Across three unrelated models, as a signifier repeats, its surprisal and its attention drain while its aggregator score holds: the channel marks a token's place in the text. That this tracks a reading rests on independent ground truth: an engineered register the aggregator follows across its boundaries (6/6 cells), and a psychoanalyst's marking of clinical transcripts, fixed before the instrument existed, in 34/36 cells, with a graded increment above lexical controls and dissociations no type-level measure reproduces. A transfer test gives the result its shape: the model whose token structure travels with lexical type reads the singular discourse worst, and in a matched base/instruct pair tuning raises fidelity without moving type-transfer. Structural value is a property of a token's place in *this* text, not of its vector alone: a relational rather than essentialist reading of hidden states, operationalizing theory that predated the instrument.