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arXiv · 2608.01794

Illuminating Visual Identity in Universal Multimodal Embeddings

Jiawei Cao·Junyi Feng·Jiashen Hua·Ziheng Huang·Bing Deng·Kaijie Wu·Chaochen Gu·Jieping Ye
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Abstract

Universal Multimodal Embeddings (UMEs) aim to unify various modalities and tasks into a shared representation space. In recent years, this field has witnessed substantial progress driven by the development of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs). However, a crucial capability, visual identity discrimination, remains underexplored in existing UME methods, despite its critical role in a wide range of tasks, including instance retrieval, re-identification, and identity preservation in AI-generated content. To bridge this gap, we propose a unified formulation for visual identity discrimination~(VisID) and introduce $\textbf{MVEB}$ ($\textbf{M}$ultimodal $\textbf{V}$isual Identity $\textbf{E}$mbedding $\textbf{B}$enchmark), a large-scale benchmark curated from both real-world and synthetic datasets to support evaluation and training. Furthermore, we present a simple yet effective learning framework that jointly optimizes general multimodal and visual identity representations through a carefully designed identity-aware sampling mechanism. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our approach successfully endows UMEs with strong identity discrimination capability and maintains competitive general multimodal performance. We believe this work not only illuminates a critical yet neglected capability, but also takes a step toward more holistic universal multimodal embeddings. Code and data are available at \href{https://chrisclear3.github.io/MVEB}{MVEB}.

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Jiawei Cao, Junyi Feng, Jiashen Hua, Ziheng Huang, Bing Deng, Kaijie Wu, Chaochen Gu, Jieping Ye. 2026-08-03. Illuminating Visual Identity in Universal Multimodal Embeddings. https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.01794

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