Prandtl--Batchelor and flux-expulsion selection for steady MHD flows in a disk

Chen Gao; Zhiwu Lin; Jianfeng Zhao

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arXiv · 2608.05994

Prandtl--Batchelor and flux-expulsion selection for steady MHD flows in a disk

Chen Gao·Zhiwu Lin·Jianfeng Zhao

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Abstract

We study the simultaneous vanishing-viscosity and vanishing-resistivity limit of steady incompressible MHD flows in a disk. The boundary velocity is a small nonaxisymmetric perturbation of a rigid rotation with mean angular speed $α$, while the prescribed tangential magnetic trace has mean $β$. Assuming $α\neq0$ and the non-Alfvénic condition $|α|\neq|β|$, we construct solutions converging on compact interior subdisks to a rigidly rotating ideal MHD core with constant vorticity and out-of-plane current density. A new MHD--Wood law determines the two core rotations from the boundary data: the velocity core is selected by a coupled kinetic--magnetic balance, whereas the magnetic core is fixed by the imposed mean circulation. Consequently, zero circulation gives complete interior magnetic expulsion, while nonzero circulation leaves a uniform magnetic rotation after the nonaxisymmetric modes are confined to a thin boundary layer. This provides a fully coupled realization of Prandtl--Batchelor selection and flux expulsion; unlike classical kinematic models, the magnetic field actively changes the flow and need not be weak. The proof combines a non-Alfvénic coercive theory for a periodic MHD boundary layer, global matching of the two fields, and a coupled stability estimate adapted to the magnetic boundary condition. A separate conditional rigidity argument, using exact viscous identities and local convergence but no interior asymptotic expansion, explains the same core structure for a broader single-eddy family.

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Chen Gao, Zhiwu Lin, Jianfeng Zhao. 2026-08-06. Prandtl--Batchelor and flux-expulsion selection for steady MHD flows in a disk. https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.05994

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