Full-Stack High-Volume Quantum Networking Architecture based on Photonic-Integrated Tin Vacancy Centers in Diamond

Hamza Raniwala; Ian Christen; Helaman Flores; David Starling; Ryan Murphy; Eric Bersin; Kevin Chen; Marc Davis; Maxim Sirotin; Mahmoud Jalali Mehrabad; Ethan G. Arnault; Matthew E. Trusheim; P. B. Dixon; Dirk R. Englund

arXiv · 2608.11630

Full-Stack High-Volume Quantum Networking Architecture based on Photonic-Integrated Tin Vacancy Centers in Diamond

Hamza Raniwala·Ian Christen·Helaman Flores·David Starling·Ryan Murphy·Eric Bersin·Kevin Chen·Marc Davis·Maxim Sirotin·Mahmoud Jalali Mehrabad·Ethan G. Arnault·Matthew E. Trusheim·P. B. Dixon·Dirk R. Englund

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Abstract

Solid state quantum emitters are a leading platform for photonic quantum networking with memory nodes. However, the inhomogeneous distribution of quantum emitters, as well as several environmental factors (i.e. strain and electric fields) spread the frequency spectrum of the qubits, making them distinguishable and therefore not a reliable resource for distributed quantum entanglement. In this paper, we demonstrate a full-stack approach to integrating nearly indistinguishable tin vacancy (SnV$^-$) quantum emitters on a frequency-tunable photonic interposer that overcomes the native distribution and static variation of quantum emitters for an indistinguishable photonic quantum networking platform. We demonstrate a silicon nitride-on-insulator photonic integrated circuit (PIC) with accompanying multiphysics digital twin (MPhDT) that guides discovery of SnV$^-$ strain-tuning parameters and informs construction of a multi-channel quantum repeater node. On this node, we achieve the first simultaneous demonstration of spectral tuning of the zero phonon line (ZPL) at GHz scale; coherent electron spin control with gate times of $<80$ ns; strongly- and weakly-coupled nuclear spin detection; and commercial fiber array-coupled readout of a SnV$^-$ center. Finally, we propose and simulate improvements to the architecture that achieve 99.96% connectivity of $ N \sim 1000$ emitters spanning the inhomogeneous distribution of SnV$^-$ centers in strained diamond, where distributed quantum entanglement may be realized.

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Hamza Raniwala, Ian Christen, Helaman Flores, David Starling, Ryan Murphy, Eric Bersin, Kevin Chen, Marc Davis, Maxim Sirotin, Mahmoud Jalali Mehrabad, Ethan G. Arnault, Matthew E. Trusheim, P. B. Dixon, Dirk R. Englund. 2026-08-17. Full-Stack High-Volume Quantum Networking Architecture based on Photonic-Integrated Tin Vacancy Centers in Diamond. https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.11630

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