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arXiv · 2608.18523

Prior-Conditioned Gaussian Discriminants for Generalizable AI-generated Image Detection

Shashank Kotyan·Makoto Shing·Yuki Imajuku·Rujikorn Charakorn·Tarin Clanuwat
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Abstract

Diffusion-based generators have made synthetic images ubiquitous, but detectors often fail under simultaneous shifts in generator, prompt/style, and source-domain. We study AI-generated image detection as a transfer system described by training prior, frozen encoder feature space, and decision rule, and ask when classifier head training adds value beyond what is already separable in modern features. As a controlled diagnostic, we fit a prior-conditioned Gaussian discriminant ladder: closed-form heads built from first- and second-order feature statistics under nested covariance assumptions. On Percept-Lens, a unified protocol over 39 public datasets (7.1 million images), the best rung is frequently competitive with, and sometimes exceeds, released AI-generated image detector heads when matched on both prior and encoder. We further quantify strong sensitivity to the training prior, data-efficiency of moment-based heads, and representation dependence of Gaussian shift metrics, motivating (prior, encoder, head)-level reporting and stronger analytical baselines for AIGI transfer.

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Shashank Kotyan, Makoto Shing, Yuki Imajuku, Rujikorn Charakorn, Tarin Clanuwat. 2026-08-19. Prior-Conditioned Gaussian Discriminants for Generalizable AI-generated Image Detection. https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.18523

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