Charge-State Dependence of Electronic Excitations in keV Ions Transmitted Through Solids Probed by Ion-Photon Coincidence Measurements

Abstract

Investigating the electronic excitations caused by light keV ions in matter contributes to a better understanding of materials modification such as space weathering or plasma-wall interactions in fusion reactors as well as improved materials analysis methods such as low or medium energy ion scattering. This study investigates the dependence of specific excitations in keV He projectiles, the most common projectile employed in these analytical methods, on the kinetic energy of the ion. We report on photon emission at energies >10eV emitted by projectiles excited upon transmission through different sample systems. We separate exit charge states and report on measurements of ion-photon pairs in coincidence, i.e. we can link a photon to the specific ion emitting it. From these measurements we extracted charge state resolved photon yields and obtained a deep insight into the electronic excitation occurring. Our results show that the electronic excitation of the helium projectile is largely material independent and rising strongly with the kinetic energy of the projectile. The photon yields are in good agreement with a common excitation model initially developed for beam foil spectroscopy. We hence extend the validity of this model to higher photon energies and different sample materials. We further provide a detailed analysis of the employed coincidence approach and necessary corrections to the raw data, as the methodology has a broad applicability in fundamental research and materials analysis.