Search arXiv⌕ Search
Home/Archive/arXiv

arXiv · 2609.00623

Overcoming the Efficiency-Stability Trade-off in Spin-Orbit Torque Devices with Thermally Robust BCC NiW Alloys

Yu-Ming Pan·Chen-Yi Wei·Yi-Cheng Tsou·Tsung-Yu Pan·Guang-Yu Guo·Chih-Huang Lai
View original source ↗Read source document ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

The development of high-performance spin-orbit torque (SOT) magnetic memories is fundamentally constrained by a persistent trade-off between spin Hall efficiency, thermal structural stability, and perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in conventional heavy metals. Here, we overcome this limitation by engineering body-centered-cubic (BCC) Ni-doped W alloys as highly efficient and thermally robust spin-current sources. Ni$_{30}$W$_{70}$/CoFeB heterostructures achieve deterministic out-of-plane magnetization switching at an ultra-low critical current density of 1.78 MA/cm$^2$, nearly threefold lower than that of $β$-W, while maintaining a high anisotropy field of 8,500 Oe and a thermal stability factor of 57.9. The BCC Ni$_{30}$W$_{70}$ alloy preserves its structural integrity and the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of the adjacent CoFeB layer after annealing at 450 $^\circ$C, demonstrating robustness under the stringent thermal processing conditions relevant to back-end-of-line integration. Harmonic Hall and ferromagnetic resonance measurements reveal a large spin Hall angle of -0.39 and a high interfacial spin transparency of 0.75, demonstrating efficient spin-current generation and interfacial transmission. First-principles calculations further reveal enhanced intrinsic spin Hall conductivity in W-rich BCC NiW alloys, associated with the Fermi level lying within a spin-orbit-coupling-induced band gap. These findings establish BCC NiW alloys as a scalable and thermally resilient material platform for energy-efficient SOT-MRAM.

Explore related subjects

cond-mat.mtrl-sci

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

Yu-Ming Pan, Chen-Yi Wei, Yi-Cheng Tsou, Tsung-Yu Pan, Guang-Yu Guo, Chih-Huang Lai. 2026-09-01. Overcoming the Efficiency-Stability Trade-off in Spin-Orbit Torque Devices with Thermally Robust BCC NiW Alloys. https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.00623

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related papers

arXiv2026

Incommensurate structural and magnetic modulations in potassium-rich cryptomelane, K$_x$Mn$_8$O$_{16}$ ($x\approx1.45$)

Cryptomelane is a hollandite-like material consisting of K$^+$ cations in an $α$-MnO$_2$ tunnel-like crystallographic motif. Cryptomelane with stoichiometry K$_x$Mn$_8$O$_{16}$ ($x\approx1.45$) has been synthesized and its magnetic properties investigated using variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility, heat capacity, and neutron powder diffraction. Three distinct transitions at $T_1=184$\,K, $T_2=54.5$\,K, and $T_3=24$\,K are observed. At $T_1$ there is a subtle tetragonal$\rightarrow$monoclinic transition associated with emergence of a set of non-magnetic superstructure peaks indexable to a $\vec{k}_\mathrm{struc}\approx0.74\vec{c^*}$ incommensurate modulation parallel to the $α$-MnO$_2$ tunnels. Our findings are consistent with a relation previously reported in titanate hollandites, that $x\approx2|\vec{k}_\mathrm{struc}|$. Magnetic Bragg peaks emerge below $T_2=54.5$\,K, and their positions indicate an incommensurate modulated magnetic structure. The model consistent with the data is a dual-$\vec{k}_\mathrm{mag}$ structure with a ferromagnetic $|\vec{k}_\mathrm{mag}|=0$ component and an incommensurate $\vec{k}_\mathrm{mag}\approx0.37\vec{c^*}$, with the latter most likely to be helical. The period of oscillation of the incommensurate magnetic component is in line with predictions based on a Heisenberg spin Hamiltonian [Mandal \textit{et al}. Phys. Rev. B 90, 104420 (2014)]. Below $T_3=24$\,K, there is a magnetic transition, which gives rise to a different set of magnetic Bragg peaks indicative of a highly complex magnetic structure.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗
arXiv2026

An anisotropic functional for two-dimensional material systems

Density function theory is the workhorse of modern electronic structure theory. However, its accuracy in practical calculations is limited by the choice of the exchange-correlation potential. In this respect, two-dimensional materials pose a special challenge, as all these materials and their heterostructures have a crucial similarity. The underlying atomic structures are strongly spatially inhomogeneous, implying that current exchange-correlation functionals, that in almost all cases are isotropic, are ill-prepared for an accurate description. We present an anisotropic screened-exchange potential, that remedies this problem and reproduces the band-gap of 2D materials as well as the piecewise linearity of the total energy with fractional occupation number.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗
arXiv2026

Thermally-driven reorientation of the Néel vector in altermagnetic MnTe

Altermagnets are novel magnetic systems that possess a spin-polarized electronic band structure without a net magnetic moment, making them promising for device applications. Hexagonal MnTe, a prototypical altermagnet, arguably exhibits the most properties consistent with theoretical predictions, including an anomalous Hall effect despite a vanishing net magnetization, and altermagnetinduced electronic band splitting. However, fundamental questions remain, including why some effects only appear significantly below the magnetic ordering temperature. Here, we resolve this discrepancy by revealing a reorientation of the Néel vector in single-crystalline MnTe. The Néel vector points 30° from the a-axis at low $T$, before aligning directly with the a-axis around $T\simeq 260$ K. We attribute this to single-ion anisotropy, which depends on temperature-dependent lattice parameters. We obtained these results using muon-spin spectroscopy, magnetization measurements, and X-ray diffraction; we show that the findings are consistent with neutron diffraction. Manipulating this effect, for example through strain, could unlock sensitive electronic detection schemes for external stimuli, paving the way for functional altermagnetic devices.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗