Electric Current-Driven Microstructural Evolution in SrTiO3

Jingjing Yang; Jian Luo

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arXiv · 2609.29079

Electric Current-Driven Microstructural Evolution in SrTiO3

Jingjing Yang·Jian Luo

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Abstract

Polycrystalline SrTiO3 is employed as a model system to investigate microstructural evolution under applied electric currents. Under a substantial current density, well-aligned, elongated abnormal grains develop near the anode following a flash event, in contrast to previously reported cathode-side enhanced grain growth under negligible currents. The equivalent diameter of the abnormal grains increases linearly with time, deviating from classical parabolic grain growth kinetics. The applied current drives elemental redistribution near the anode, producing a Ti-rich region adjacent to a Sr-rich belt that migrates toward the cathode, from which the abnormal grains nucleate. Aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy and electron energy-loss spectroscopy reveal that the fast-moving grain boundaries (GBs) within the Ti-rich bulk region are Sr-enriched, O-depleted, and Ti-reduced. An analysis based on the Brouwer diagram suggests the formation of p-i-n regions under the applied electric field. Conversion between electronic and ionic currents at the p-i and i-n junctions, field-driven precipitation and dissolution of the Sr-rich Ruddlesden-Popper phase, and field-driven migration of Sr and O vacancies collectively explain the elemental redistribution and redox-modulated migration of the Sr-rich belt. Incomplete redox reactions at the moving junctions create the moving Sr-rich belt and generate a locally reducing environment, consequently producing fast-moving, Sr-rich, reduced GBs. These findings reveal new mechanisms of electric current-driven defect-mediated microstructural evolution.

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Jingjing Yang, Jian Luo. 2026-09-24. Electric Current-Driven Microstructural Evolution in SrTiO3. https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.29079

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