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arXiv · 2609.31622

The Multi-Lab Enterprise: Governance, FinOps, and Telemetry Challenges of Multi-Model AI Adoption

Fabricio F. Costa
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Abstract

Enterprises are not choosing a single frontier AI provider; they are licensing all of them. As of early 2026, 81% of Global 2000 enterprises run three or more model families, and OpenAI, Anthropic, and Google Gemini together account for roughly 88 to 89% of enterprise LLM usage and spend. Drawing on survey data, transaction data, provider disclosures, and case studies across finance, legal, consulting, healthcare, life sciences, retail, and government, this paper shows that multi-lab licensing is a structural feature of the market, driven by durable task-specific model differentiation rather than a transitional phase awaiting commoditization. This structure creates three operational problems. Governance fragmentation (P1): heterogeneous vendor security postures, documentation, and compliance surfaces must be reconciled across overlapping regulatory frameworks while shadow AI proliferates. FinOps breakdown (P2): token-based, behavior-driven consumption defeats budgeting. In the past year, 79% of enterprises overran AI budgets, with FinOps-mature organizations overshooting by a mean of 30.9%, and no standardized cross-provider unit of spend exists. Telemetry fragmentation (P3): each lab exposes adoption and cost data through incompatible consoles, APIs, and metric definitions, forcing bespoke unification layers. We map the emerging responses, including LLM gateways, observability platforms, and the Tokenomics Foundation's FOCUS extension. We then develop a five-metric framework for evaluating API and agent cost burn, with a worked example where the cheapest model per attempt is the most expensive per successful task. We conclude that P1, P2, and P3 reflect one missing abstraction: a cross-provider enterprise AI control plane.

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Fabricio F. Costa. 2026-07-31. The Multi-Lab Enterprise: Governance, FinOps, and Telemetry Challenges of Multi-Model AI Adoption. https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.31622

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