Probabilistic Seasonality

Feras A. Saad; Todd B. Walker

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arXiv · 2609.36280

Probabilistic Seasonality

Feras A. Saad·Todd B. Walker

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Abstract

Seasonal adjustment is fundamental to economic analysis, but uncertain because seasonal components are inherently latent. This article introduces a probabilistic model discovery method that decomposes a time series into seasonal and nonseasonal components. The method returns a posterior distribution over the structure and parameters of a seasonal component. In simulation studies, the method can improve point forecasts, interval predictions, and recovery of seasonal components relative to X-13ARIMA-SEATS. In a study of eight U.S. macroeconomic series during the COVID-19 recession, the method surfaces significant ex-ante uncertainty about current seasonal adjustments in real time, well before many X-13 revisions reach their eventual peaks.

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Feras A. Saad, Todd B. Walker. 2026-09-28. Probabilistic Seasonality. https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.36280

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