Learning Field Reconstruction from Incomplete Data by Globally Correcting Local Estimates

Abstract

Reconstructing physical fields from training samples that are always incomplete requires learning spatial structure from fragmented observations.Existing context--query work establishes how held-out observations provide valid training targets, but this does not make the complete-field distribution identifiable when every training field is incomplete.With finite data, weak evidence of sharp transitions and localized variations can further favor averaged predictions that attenuate local detail.A structural prior is therefore needed to favor plausible completions; local spatial relationships offer one grounded in the observations.We propose a locally constructed, globally revisable estimator that explicitly learns local field estimates and subsequently corrects them using full-domain observations.A shared coordinate-conditioned predictor learns from incomplete patches, allowing relatively well-observed neighborhoods to provide direct supervision of local structure.Its overlapping predictions are reconciled into an observation-conditioned consensus field.A full-domain estimator retains the original observations and learns a residual correction around this frozen field estimate, allowing locally constructed structure to be revised by broader evidence.The local estimate serves as both an explicit input, accompanied by its discrepancies with the observations, and a prediction starting point that the global model can revise.On three real-world ocean datasets with authentic observation gaps, our estimator achieves the lowest MSE and highest PSNR on withheld source-supported values, reducing MSE by 28.9\%--34.5\% against the strongest external baseline.