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arXiv · 2610.06021

Scalable Minimal-Change Learning for Controllable Image Editing

Shuo Chen·Fengming Huang·Yu Yao·Mingming Gong·Tongliang Liu
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Abstract

Image editing should change only the attributes specified by an instruction while preserving everything else, yet current methods often make unintended changes. We treat this minimal-change principle as an optimization objective for instruction-based editing. Latent L1 regularization is a poor proxy for output locality in modern nonlinear generators and often requires supervision unavailable at scale. We instead optimize edit outcomes with reinforcement learning. An agentic vision-language reward model audits each source image, instruction, and edited image for two failure types: unimplemented requested changes and unintended changes. A group-level rubric merges and verifies these issues to provide consistent rewards across candidate edits without per-instruction human annotations. On FLUX.1 Kontext-dev, ARRO raises average EditScore from 5.21 to 5.88 across MinEval, MagicBrush, AnyBench, and Emu-Edit. On 600 evaluation examples, it reduces off-target pixel change by 8.4% relative to the base editor. Reward and SFT controls, blinded human evaluations, and transfer to OmniGen2 provide complementary evidence. Code: https://github.com/Showwwwwwwww/ARRO

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Shuo Chen, Fengming Huang, Yu Yao, Mingming Gong, Tongliang Liu. 2026-10-05. Scalable Minimal-Change Learning for Controllable Image Editing. https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.06021

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