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arXiv · 2610.08662

ParanoiaEval: Benchmarking Unnecessary Defensive Work in Agentic Coding

Hanjun Luo·Xiucheng Zhang·Zhuoning Xu·Zhimu Huang·Yingbin Jin·Xinfeng Li·Hanan Salam
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Abstract

As coding agents increasingly undertake real-world work autonomously, judging whether their risk treatments are warranted has become important. Existing work evaluates related agent behaviors from separate perspectives, but lacks a systematic framework for unifying these behaviors. To bridge this gap, we introduce ParanoiaEval, the first benchmark for unified evaluation of risk-treatment capabilities in coding agents. Grounded in the well-established Avoidance-Transfer-Mitigation-Acceptance framework in software engineering risk management, ParanoiaEval operationalizes its 4 fundamental treatments for coding-agent settings and contains 200 evidence-controlled repository-level task pairs, each differing only in treatment-defining evidence. We further introduce dedicated metrics for risk-treatment violations and evidence responsiveness, using a human-calibrated agentic judge for reliable evaluation. Large-scale experiments on 8 representative models and a post-hoc human study reveal that (I) unnecessary risk treatment occurs in 11.2%-58.7% of runs despite explicit evidence, with substantial variation across agent configurations; (II) stronger task capability does not ensure more appropriate risk treatment, while treatment violations substantially harm developers' experience, establishing risk treatment as an independent capability dimension; and (III) agents exhibit systematic patterns consistent with established risk-management findings, suggesting that knowledge from human practice can guide the diagnosis and improvement of this capability.

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Hanjun Luo, Xiucheng Zhang, Zhuoning Xu, Zhimu Huang, Yingbin Jin, Xinfeng Li, Hanan Salam. 2026-10-06. ParanoiaEval: Benchmarking Unnecessary Defensive Work in Agentic Coding. https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.08662

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