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arXiv · 2610.14988

Mixing Regularization for Average-Reward $Q$-Learning and $Q$-Planning

Julien Roger·Sam Bodmer·Jian Qian·Benjamin Riviere
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Abstract

The average-reward setting for reinforcement learning is challenging because its Bellman operator is known to contract in span only when the underlying Markov chain is mixing. Whereas existing work typically assumes a contraction property, e.g., through environment mixing, we consider the setting where we are given a reward-agnostic $m$-step mixing policy, and we control the contraction and exploration properties of the learned policy by regularizing toward the mixing policy. We provide finite-time analysis of $Q$-learning algorithms that can be instantiated with multiple choices of regularization, with guarantees measured with respect to the regularized fixed point. Our framework exposes novel regularizer-dependent objects that control contraction, exploration, and operator bias. In the one-step setting, our rates match the best known rates for $Q$-iteration and synchronous $Q$-learning, and for $m$-step mixing we derive new rates. We also study $Q$-planning variants, and show that planning acts as time-localized learning, where the planning horizon $H$ trades off the bias from the boundary value against the sample complexity. Finally, we present numerical studies validating the analysis: (i) knowledge of a strong mixing policy improves convergence and exploration, and its advantage increases with bottleneck severity and, (ii) our theory predicts the convergence and bias rankings of regularizers from the $α$-divergence family.

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BibTeXRIS

Julien Roger, Sam Bodmer, Jian Qian, Benjamin Riviere. 2026-10-10. Mixing Regularization for Average-Reward $Q$-Learning and $Q$-Planning. https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.14988

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