The Smart Buildings Challenge: Learning Foundation Models for Real-World Optimization at Scale

Judah Goldfeder; Ayush Rai; Philippe M. Wyder; Na Li; Victoria Dean; Donna Vakalis; Jiong Lin; Bing Dong; Michael Rossetti; Nathan Kutz; Sohei Arisaka; John Sipple; Hod Lipson; Yoshua Bengio

arXiv · 2610.18511

The Smart Buildings Challenge: Learning Foundation Models for Real-World Optimization at Scale

Judah Goldfeder·Ayush Rai·Philippe M. Wyder·Na Li·Victoria Dean·Donna Vakalis·Jiong Lin·Bing Dong·Michael Rossetti·Nathan Kutz·Sohei Arisaka·John Sipple·Hod Lipson·Yoshua Bengio

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Abstract

Buildings cause nearly 40\% of carbon emissions in the US. Of total building emissions, HVAC systems are responsible for approximately 40-60\% and account for 15\% of global energy consumption. Despite advances in artificial intelligence, most buildings still operate as inefficiently as they did decades ago. Building optimization, perhaps more so than any other optimization problem, has enormous potential for Machine Learning (ML) driven impact on climate change, in both the short and long term. One of the biggest obstacles for building optimization is the lack of policy transfer. Most building control systems, whether simulation or learning based, don't generalize: they only work well for the building they were developed for, but not for other buildings. To solve this problem, we propose a challenge for the development of building foundation models that easily adapt to new buildings with minimal configuration and thereby enable building optimization to scale across the globe. Participants will build control policies on a set of simulated buildings, and have their policies evaluated on an unseen set of buildings. The buildings vary in size, layout, weather, material properties, and HVAC system. Successful outcomes from this initiative promise a massive leap forward in global sustainability efforts and demonstrate the great potential of ML to combat climate change.

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Judah Goldfeder, Ayush Rai, Philippe M. Wyder, Na Li, Victoria Dean, Donna Vakalis, Jiong Lin, Bing Dong, Michael Rossetti, Nathan Kutz, Sohei Arisaka, John Sipple, Hod Lipson, Yoshua Bengio. 2026-10-13. The Smart Buildings Challenge: Learning Foundation Models for Real-World Optimization at Scale. https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.18511

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