Iterative Design and Evaluation of a VR Nursing Training System: Insights from Clinicians and Student Learners

Danhua Zhang; Cynthia Bradley; Christopher Kissell; Courtney Hutton Pospick; Seraphina Yong; Qiao Jin; Tongyu Nie; Evan Suma Rosenberg

arXiv · 2610.19152

Iterative Design and Evaluation of a VR Nursing Training System: Insights from Clinicians and Student Learners

Danhua Zhang·Cynthia Bradley·Christopher Kissell·Courtney Hutton Pospick·Seraphina Yong·Qiao Jin·Tongyu Nie·Evan Suma Rosenberg

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Abstract

This paper presents the iterative design and evaluation of a virtual reality (VR) nursing training system developed in collaboration with nursing education specialists to enhance procedural skill acquisition, clinical decision-making, and critical thinking among pre-licensure nursing students. Two clinical scenarios, chest pain and oxygen therapy, were created to simulate acute care settings, with design refinements informed by an expert evaluation study (n=8) and further assessed through an effectiveness study involving nursing students (n=17). Results demonstrate high user acceptance, perceived usefulness, and significant post-simulation increases in learner confidence. The VR system was found to be an accessible supplemental training tool that can foster self-directed learning. Finally, we present design recommendations for developing VR simulations for nursing education, emphasizing collaboration with domain experts, accommodating diverse learning goals, and simulating complex clinical workflows.

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Danhua Zhang, Cynthia Bradley, Christopher Kissell, Courtney Hutton Pospick, Seraphina Yong, Qiao Jin, Tongyu Nie, Evan Suma Rosenberg. 2026-10-13. Iterative Design and Evaluation of a VR Nursing Training System: Insights from Clinicians and Student Learners. https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.19152

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