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arXiv · 2610.21046

PremiseCheck: Efficient Fact-Checking of Human and AI Peer Reviews

Dingjie Song·Zhiling Yan·Ziqian Zhang·Yuxuan Zhang·Lichao Sun
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Abstract

Peer review is under strain from the growth of submissions, and review comments written by humans or AI can misstate what a paper says. We introduce ReviewFact, a benchmark that labels such factual errors in review comments under one definition across NLP, machine learning, and the natural sciences, and that measures cost and latency alongside accuracy. A frontier LLM checks comments well but must read the whole paper for each check, while cheap decision models, which score whether a statement holds in a text, fall far short on whole comments that mix several implicit assertions. PremiseCheck is a framework that combines the two. An LLM rewrites each comment as explicit premises without reading the paper, and a decision model checks each premise against the paper. When each comment is checked on its own, PremiseCheck reaches accuracy comparable to GPT-5.5 across all three fields at about half its cost, and on NLP reviews at a quarter of its cost and less than half its latency.

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Dingjie Song, Zhiling Yan, Ziqian Zhang, Yuxuan Zhang, Lichao Sun. 2026-10-15. PremiseCheck: Efficient Fact-Checking of Human and AI Peer Reviews. https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.21046

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