Steady-state cooperative emission of interlayer excitons in atomically thin light-emitting diodes

Andrés M. Mier Valdivia; Pavel E. Dolgirev; Grace H. Chen; Nadine Leisgang; Andrew Y. Joe; Stefan Ostermann; Deepankur Thureja; Yongxin Zeng; Dapeng Ding; Daniel Rhodes; Bumho Kim; Song Liu; Takashi Taniguchi; Kenji Watanabe; James C. Hone; Susanne F. Yelin; Hongkun Park; Mikhail D. Lukin; Philip Kim

arXiv · 2610.28304

Steady-state cooperative emission of interlayer excitons in atomically thin light-emitting diodes

Andrés M. Mier Valdivia·Pavel E. Dolgirev·Grace H. Chen·Nadine Leisgang·Andrew Y. Joe·Stefan Ostermann·Deepankur Thureja·Yongxin Zeng·Dapeng Ding·Daniel Rhodes·Bumho Kim·Song Liu·Takashi Taniguchi·Kenji Watanabe·James C. Hone·Susanne F. Yelin·Hongkun Park·Mikhail D. Lukin·Philip Kim

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Abstract

When an ensemble of emitters is confined within an optical wavelength, its radiation can become correlated, leading to cooperative emission. In two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) electron-hole bilayers, strong light-matter coupling enables the formation of interlayer excitons (IXs), long-lived dipolar excitations that provide an ideal setting for emergent collective phenomena. Here, we engineer an atomically thin light-emitting diode (LED) that generates electroluminescence (EL) from electrically injected IXs that are confined near the sample edges by an edge-enhanced fringing electric field. By measuring Hanbury-Brown-Twiss photon-photon correlations, we find pronounced signatures of collective decay in the form of large photon bunching followed by finite delay antibunching and bunching revivals. These emitter correlation signatures disappear when free charge carriers are doped to form a degenerate Fermi sea but are enhanced by the introduction of localized electrons. The results are consistent with a many-body quantum master equation that models the steady-state superradiant photon statistics of incoherently injected IXs. Our work establishes steady-state cooperative emission in a 2D TMD LED as a platform for studying strong light-matter interactions in electrically driven, non-equilibrium phases of Bose-Fermi mixtures.

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Andrés M. Mier Valdivia, Pavel E. Dolgirev, Grace H. Chen, Nadine Leisgang, Andrew Y. Joe, Stefan Ostermann, Deepankur Thureja, Yongxin Zeng, Dapeng Ding, Daniel Rhodes, Bumho Kim, Song Liu, Takashi Taniguchi, Kenji Watanabe, James C. Hone, Susanne F. Yelin, Hongkun Park, Mikhail D. Lukin, Philip Kim. 2026-10-20. Steady-state cooperative emission of interlayer excitons in atomically thin light-emitting diodes. https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.28304

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