Area gaps for minimal surfaces in spheres

Abstract

In this paper, we prove that a linearly full minimal $2$-torus in $\mathbb{S}^N$ with $N\geq 5$ must have area $>2π^2$, and that a linearly full closed minimal surface in $\mathbb{S}^N$ with $N\geq 9$ must have area $>8π$. These results verify the Willmore conjecture and the generalized Willmore conjecture in higher codimension for minimal surfaces. The area gaps are obtained by applying the Cheng--Li--Yau comparison theorem and deriving a lower bound of the heat trace, where the monotonicity of the shifted normalized Riesz mean is used. We also establish a volume gap above the balanced Clifford product for linearly full closed minimal $n$-submanifolds in $\mathbb{S}^N$ when $n=3$, $N\geq 9$, or $n\geq 4$, $N\geq 3n-1$.