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arXiv · 2610.31934

Structural characterization of the rutile-GeO2/TiO2 (001) heterointerface

Imteaz Rahaman·Martha R. McCartney·David J. Smith·Kai Fu
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Abstract

Rutile-GeO2 (r-GeO2) has emerged as a promising ultrawide-bandgap (UWBG) semiconductor for future high-power device applications because of its favorable combination of physical and electrical properties. This study has used high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) to compare heterointerfaces between thin films of GeO2 grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition on closely-lattice-matched rutile TiO2 (r-TiO2) substrates at temperatures of 840° C and 925° C. Cross-sectional TEM observations reveal interfaces with two entirely different structures: an amorphous GeOx/r-TiO2 heterostructure with an abrupt, highly faceted and non-planar interface, or a fully epitaxial r-GeO2/r-TiO2 heterostructure characterized by a more wavy but often facetted interface. Structural analysis of the latter sample revealed a high density of strain-relieving interfacial dislocations, identified primarily as Lomer-type or 60°-type, that accommodated the ~4% lattice mismatch between the two materials, while chemical analysis showed very limited interfacial intermixing. Crystallographic analysis showed that the interface faceting was associated with rutile {101} facets, with characteristic facet angles of ~114°; these observations support thermally driven TiO2 (001) substrate faceting rather than an interface reconstruction resulting from GeO2 epitaxy. Overall, these findings provide useful insights into the mechanisms governing interface formation and strain relaxation in r-GeO2/r-TiO2 heterostructures and suggest that further refinement of growth conditions should enable improved epitaxial growth of r-GeO2 for future ultrawide-bandgap electronic device applications.

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Imteaz Rahaman, Martha R. McCartney, David J. Smith, Kai Fu. 2026-10-30. Structural characterization of the rutile-GeO2/TiO2 (001) heterointerface. https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.31934

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