Micromagnetic Lagrangian and Hamiltonian Normal-Mode Formulation of Cavity Magnon-Photon Interactions

Abstract

We investigate magnon-photon interactions in a resonant cavity starting from the coupled Maxwell and Landau-Lifshitz equations linearized about an arbitrary micromagnetic ground state. By introducing an electric vector potential and a suitable interaction Lagrangian, the formulation avoids the cancellation of large magnetostatic contributions that arises in the conventional magnetic-vector-potential description and becomes inaccurate under modal truncation. The magnetization and cavity fields are expanded in the normal modes of the uncoupled magnetic and electromagnetic subsystems, with coupling coefficients given by overlap integrals of the corresponding eigenfunctions. The resulting multimode Lagrangian has a noncanonical structure due to the gyrotropic terms, and the corresponding Hamiltonian formulation is obtained using the Faddeev-Jackiw approach. The radiative magnon-photon interaction is encoded in the resulting Poisson-bracket structure, while the cavity-induced modification of the magnetostatic field enters explicitly in the Hamiltonian. The coupled system is diagonalized through a generalized Bogoliubov transformation, yielding canonical polariton variables that provide a natural basis for quantization. Application to a perpendicularly magnetized YIG disk in a rectangular microwave cavity shows hybridization between the cavity mode and several magnetostatic modes, together with appreciable cavity-wall-induced frequency shifts when the sample is placed close to the conducting walls.