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arXiv · 2610.41559

Universal model of the growth of III-V tetrahedral semiconductors on polar surfaces: pyramids and glue atoms. I. Clean surface properties

Pawel Strak·Stanisław Krukowski
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Abstract

Ab initio calculations were used to elucidate the properties of the polar surfaces of III-V tetrahedral semiconductors, i.e., metal- and nonmetal-terminated. The systems considered were clean wurtzite gallium nitride (i.e. (0001) and (000-1) GaN surfaces), zinc blende gallium phosphide (i.e. (111) and (-1-1-1) GaP), gallium arsenide (i.e. (111) and (-1-1-1) GaAs), and (111) and (-1-1-1) GaSb surfaces. The calculated data include the crystallographic structure and the electronic states of the termination atoms on both sides, i.e. their positions, energies, and occupations. All nonmetal-terminated surfaces exhibit no reconstruction, and their broken-bond states are located in the vicinity of the valence band maxima (VBM), pinning the Fermi level. The Ga-terminated surface exhibited (4 x 4) reconstruction related to the division of termination atoms into sp3 and sp2 hybridized in proportions of 6 to 10, based on charge redistribution according to the electron counting rule (ECR). Thus, the broken-bond state is separated into two sets, occupied and empty, with the Fermi level located between them in the vicinity of the conduction band minimum (CBM).

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Pawel Strak, Stanisław Krukowski. 2026-10-30. Universal model of the growth of III-V tetrahedral semiconductors on polar surfaces: pyramids and glue atoms. I. Clean surface properties. https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.41559

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