Compliance-Shifting Elastogranular Shells

Abstract

Shells and grains separately exhibit complex nonlinear behavior when confined - shells buckle and snap, while grains transition from fluid-like to solid-like. When coupled, elastogranular structures have the ability to display a remarkable variety of mechanical behaviors. Gere we created an elastogranular shell where spherical grains are sandwiched between two thin, elastic shells. By evacuating the air enclosed by the two layers, we can tune the stiffness of the elastogranular shell and alter its critical buckling load. Introducing controlled vacancy defects in the arrangement of the grains allows us to more finely tune critical buckling parameters, as the shell must balance the combined effects of defect size and resultant granular packing density. Defects in the jammed granular layer have a counterintuitive effect on the shell's buckling load, as they can stiffen the shell away from the defect. With an empirically determined scaling model, we established how the shell and grains distribute load and create a compliance-shifting structure with a tunable buckling load.