Rotating Bose gas with hard-core repulsion in a quasi-2D harmonic trap: vortices in BEC

Abstract

We consider a gas of N(=6, 10, 15) Bose particles with hard-core repulsion, contained in a quasi-2D harmonic trap and subjected to an overall angular velocity $Ω$ about the z-axis. Exact diagonalization of the $n\times n$ many-body Hamiltonian matrix in given subspaces of the total (quantized) angular momentum L$_{z}$, with $n\sim 10^{5}$(e.g. for L$_{z}$=N=15, n =240782) was carried out using Davidson's algorithm. The many-body variational ground state wavefunction, as also the corresponding energy and the reduced one-particle density-matrix were calculated. With the usual identification of $Ω$ as the Lagrange multiplier associated with L$_{z}$ for a rotating system, the $L_{z}-Ω$ phase diagram (or the stability line) was determined that gave a number of critical angular velocities $Ω_{{\bf c}i}, i=1,2,3,... ,$ at which the ground state angular momentum and the associated condensate fraction undergo abrupt jumps. A number of (total) angular momentum states were found to be stable at successively higher critical angular velocities $Ω_{{\bf c}i}, \ i=1,2,3,...$ for a given N. For $L_{z}>N$, the condensate was strongly depleted. The critical $Ω_{{\bf c}i}$ values, however, decreased with increasing interaction strength as well as the particle number, and were systematically greater than the non-variational Yrast-state values for the single vortex state with L$_{z}$ =N. We have also observed that the condensate fraction for the single vortex state (as also for the higher vortex states) did not change significantly even as the 2-body interaction strength was varied over several $(\sim 4)$ orders of magnitude in the moderately to the weakly interacting regime.