arXiv subjects

Jianlong Zhou

Publications and source records attributed to Jianlong Zhou.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Making AI-Assisted Claims Independently Challengeable: Publication Authority and a Protocol for Falsifiable Publication Records

AI-assisted claims can appear authoritative when evidence, analysis, human authorization, presentation, and correction history refer to different states. Provenance, attestation, and transparency expose history but alone do not specify the publication transition examined here. We develop Publication Authority as an exact-state, non-transferable, single-use publication capability and instantiate it in PAC-2026 (Publication-Accountability Calculus), a machine-readable AIJIM Protocol candidate. We evaluate its fourth bounded semantic freeze (SF-4), a fixed-profile specification designed for replaceable bindings. Six obligations govern evidence, runs and artifacts, measurement disclosure, authorization, surface correspondence, and lifecycle continuity. Each yields a target-bound witness, localized counterexample, or localized unverifiability; none can compensate for another. Only a fresh, complete all-pass record derives the permit consumed by one atomic publication transition. We use identity vectors, adversarial cases, finite models, and historical implementations. Ten models explored 110,764 safe reachable states; 76 unsafe configurations produced the expected violation or observer countermodel. A reader surface passing its correspondence check cannot authorize publication unless the accepted record admits that surface. SF-4 separates evidence horizon from verification time and rejects an authentic but causally invalid authorization. A historical predecessor path reproduced 17 frozen authorization-successor outcomes. A later in-house, instance-blind test of known case classes matched all 183 scored expectations; same-host package execution reproduced its 240 archived observations. Results support internal coherence, bounded safety, fault sensitivity, and limited constructibility, but not factual truth, general refinement, blind interoperability, field efficacy, or standards status.

cs.AI↗

arXiv2026

Modelpedia: A Catalog of Model Findings for the Meta-Science of AI

Scientific knowledge about AI models is produced faster than the community can organize it. Every few months a new foundation model reshapes the field and hundreds of papers, blogs, and technical reports document how each behaves or fails. Yet, these findings remain scattered and effectively unretrievable. To address this gap we present Modelpedia, an automated, LLM-assisted framework that extracts findings about models from published papers, links it to the model, dataset, method, and concept it concerns, and aggregates the result into a searchable public catalog. Applying the prototype to accepted ICLR 2024 and 2025 papers, we extract over a thousand findings and, treating the catalog itself as an object of study, run a meta-analysis of how the community investigates models. Now, we invite the community to explore, contribute to, and build on the open catalog, and to help establish model findings as a shared foundation for the meta-science of AI.

cs.LG↗

arXiv2026

Designing Automation Boundaries for Trustworthy Smart Medication Support

Smart medication systems increasingly automate medication recognition, reminders, and logging. However, automation in home medication routines should be carefully bounded, as users may have different capabilities, privacy expectations, and needs for control over decisions. We present a mixed-methods study of a Smart Medication Support system comparing three automation conditions: confirmation required, automatic logging with undo, and fully automatic support. Across 53 participants and interviews with 11 older adults, we found that higher automation did not necessarily lead to higher trust or acceptance. Participants preferred automation that reduced routine effort while preserving opportunities for correction. Fully automatic support was less interruptive but was rated lower in autonomy, trust, transparency, dignity, and satisfaction. Interviews also showed clear differences among older adults. Their preferences were shaped by privacy concerns, digital confidence, perceived vulnerability, and caregiver involvement. We contribute empirical evidence and design implications for calibrating automation in smart medication systems according to task risk, user control, and ethical acceptability.

cs.HC↗

arXiv2026

Unified MRI Brain Image Translation via Hierarchical Tumor Structure Comparison

Multi-modal MRI brain image translation via available modalities holds significant practical importance in modern medicine, providing robust support for early diagnosis, treatment planning, and outcome assessment of diseases. For this purpose, it is important to ensure the fidelity of the tumor regions after translation. However, existing brain image translation methods ignore the structure information of different tumor regions, which could assist translation models in enhancing the quality and clinical applicability of the translated images. In this work, we propose a novel translation model called HTSCGAN, which is a unified multi-modal brain image translation generative adversarial model integrating the structural information within tumor regions with the aim of improving the quality of brain image translation. Specifically, the generator employs three Patch Contrast Module (PCM) with different patch sizes to capture the hierarchical structural information of the tumor regions. In addition, a pretrained Patch Classifier (PC) and a pretrained Structure-Aware Encoder (SAE) are employed to derive the generated image containing the same tumor region structure as the ground truth image via patch classification loss and tumor perceptual loss, respectively. The experiments on BraTS2020 and BraTS2021 demonstrate strong performance of our model in both translation tasks and down stream segmentation tasks, highlighting its effectiveness in enhancing the quality and clinical relevance of the translated brain images. Our code is available at https://anonymous.4open.science/r/HTSCGAN.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2026

Segmentation-Assisted Brain MRI Synthesis with Cross-Image Multi-Contrast Feature Memory Bank Retrieval Augmentation

Multi-contrast brain MRI provide complementary soft-tissue characteristics that aid in the screening and diagnosis of diseases. However, limited scanning time, image corruption and various imaging protocols often result in incomplete multi-contrast images. While current approaches excel in image synthesis, they often struggle to synthesize critical tumor regions and exploit contextual information in multi-contrast brain MRI effectively. To address this issue, we propose a synthesis-centric, segmentation-assisted closed-loop framework with retrieval augmentation synthesis. Our method overall takes a generative adversarial architecture, which aims to synthesize missing contrasts from any combination of available ones with a single model. To explicitly capture tumor semantics and focus synthesis on tumor regions, we add an auxiliary segmentation branch that predicts tumor masks and feeds them back as semantic conditioning in synthesis branch, thereby learning tumor-aware representations in the model and improving synthesis fidelity. Furthermore, we propose a dual-bank retrieval augmentation strategy. It dynamically queries two external knowledge bases, namely a tumor masks memory bank for crucial tumor context and cross-image contrast feature memory bank for global style information, to augment synthesis. Verified on two public multi-contrast magnetic resonance brain datasets: BraTs2020 and UCSF-BMSR, the proposed method is effective in handling medical brain images synthesis tasks and shows superior performance compared to previous methods. Code is available at:https://github.com/iBizzard/SSCF.git

cs.CV↗

arXiv2026

The Case for Model Science: Verify, Explore, Steer, Refine

We argue that the AI community is now ready to move beyond benchmarking and consolidate scattered efforts in model analysis into a systematic discipline, a direction we term Model Science. Complex AI models now serve billions of users, yet our understanding of how they work lags far behind our ability to deploy them. Decades of benchmark-driven research have delivered remarkable progress: extensive leaderboards, a wide range of performance metrics, tracking capability gains across diverse tasks; yet this success has also revealed the limits of benchmarks as they tell us whether models perform but not why they succeed or fail, they miss critical failure modes, such as hallucinations or shortcuts. Precedents from established sciences point the way forward: cognitive science shows that understanding complex systems requires complementary levels of analysis; neuroscience demonstrates that deep study of single cases reveals what population studies miss; medicine teaches that specialised training must develop alongside research practice; and agriculture models how shared infrastructure and principles enable cumulative progress. These lessons inform three foundations for Model Science. First, we propose to consolidate research around four functional perspectives: Verify, Explore, Steer, and Refine that address complementary questions about model behaviour. Second, we discuss the required infrastructure for cumulative knowledge: catalogues of datasets, models and findings. Third, we highlight the need for deep analysis of individual model instances, not just model families, because single cases can reveal what population studies miss.

cs.AI↗

arXiv2026

T2VTree: User-Centered Visual Analytics for Agent-Assisted Thought-to-Video Authoring

Generative models have substantially expanded video generation capabilities, yet practical thought-to-video creation remains a multi-stage, multi-modal, and decision-intensive process. However, existing tools either hide intermediate decisions behind repeated reruns or expose operator-level workflows that make exploration traces difficult to manage, compare, and reuse. We present T2VTree, a user-centered visual analytics approach for agent-assisted thought-to-video authoring. T2VTree represents the authoring process as a tree visualization. Each node in the tree binds an editable specification (intent, referenced inputs, workflow choice, prompts, and parameters) with the resulting multimodal outputs, making refinement, branching, and provenance inspection directly operable. To reduce the burden of deciding what to do next, a set of collaborating agents translates step-level intent into an executable plan that remains visible and user-editable before execution. We further implement a visual analytics system that integrates branching authoring with in-place preview and stitching for convergent assembly, enabling end-to-end multi-scene creation without leaving the authoring context. We demonstrate T2VTreeVA through two multi-scene case studies and a comparative user study, showing how the T2VTree visualization and editable agent planning support reliable refinement, localized comparison, and practical reuse in real authoring workflows. T2VTree is available at: https://github.com/tezuka0210/T2VTree.

cs.MM↗

arXiv2025

RcAE: Recursive Reconstruction Framework for Unsupervised Industrial Anomaly Detection

Unsupervised industrial anomaly detection requires accurately identifying defects without labeled data. Traditional autoencoder-based methods often struggle with incomplete anomaly suppression and loss of fine details, as their single-pass decoding fails to effectively handle anomalies with varying severity and scale. We propose a recursive architecture for autoencoder (RcAE), which performs reconstruction iteratively to progressively suppress anomalies while refining normal structures. Unlike traditional single-pass models, this recursive design naturally produces a sequence of reconstructions, progressively exposing suppressed abnormal patterns. To leverage this reconstruction dynamics, we introduce a Cross Recursion Detection (CRD) module that tracks inconsistencies across recursion steps, enhancing detection of both subtle and large-scale anomalies. Additionally, we incorporate a Detail Preservation Network (DPN) to recover high-frequency textures typically lost during reconstruction. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method significantly outperforms existing non-diffusion methods, and achieves performance on par with recent diffusion models with only 10% of their parameters and offering substantially faster inference. These results highlight the practicality and efficiency of our approach for real-world applications.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2025

The User-first Approach to AI Ethics: Preferences for Ethical Principles in AI Systems across Cultures and Contexts

As AI systems increasingly permeate everyday life, designers and developers face mounting pressure to balance innovation with ethical design choices. To date, the operationalisation of AI ethics has predominantly depended on frameworks that prescribe which ethical principles should be embedded within AI systems. However, the extent to which users value these principles remains largely unexplored in the existing literature. In a discrete choice experiment conducted in four countries, we quantify user preferences for 11 ethical principles. Our findings indicate that, while users generally prioritise privacy, justice & fairness, and transparency, their preferences exhibit significant variation based on culture and application context. Latent class analysis further revealed four distinct user cohorts, the largest of which is ethically disengaged and defers to regulatory oversight. Our findings offer (1) empirical evidence of uneven user prioritisation of AI ethics principles, (2) actionable guidance for operationalising ethics tailored to culture and context, (3) support for the development of robust regulatory mechanisms, and (4) a foundation for advancing a user-centred approach to AI ethics, motivated independently from abstract moral theory.

cs.HC↗

arXiv2025

A Survey of TinyML Applications in Beekeeping for Hive Monitoring and Management

Honey bee colonies are essential for global food security and ecosystem stability, yet they face escalating threats from pests, diseases, and environmental stressors. Traditional hive inspections are labor-intensive and disruptive, while cloud-based monitoring solutions remain impractical for remote or resource-limited apiaries. Recent advances in Internet of Things (IoT) and Tiny Machine Learning (TinyML) enable low-power, real-time monitoring directly on edge devices, offering scalable and non-invasive alternatives. This survey synthesizes current innovations at the intersection of TinyML and apiculture, organized around four key functional areas: monitoring hive conditions, recognizing bee behaviors, detecting pests and diseases, and forecasting swarming events. We further examine supporting resources, including publicly available datasets, lightweight model architectures optimized for embedded deployment, and benchmarking strategies tailored to field constraints. Critical limitations such as data scarcity, generalization challenges, and deployment barriers in off-grid environments are highlighted, alongside emerging opportunities in ultra-efficient inference pipelines, adaptive edge learning, and dataset standardization. By consolidating research and engineering practices, this work provides a foundation for scalable, AI-driven, and ecologically informed monitoring systems to support sustainable pollinator management.

cs.LG↗

arXiv2025

DeFusion: An Effective Decoupling Fusion Network for Multi-Modal Pregnancy Prediction

Temporal embryo images and parental fertility table indicators are both valuable for pregnancy prediction in \textbf{in vitro fertilization embryo transfer} (IVF-ET). However, current machine learning models cannot make full use of the complementary information between the two modalities to improve pregnancy prediction performance. In this paper, we propose a Decoupling Fusion Network called DeFusion to effectively integrate the multi-modal information for IVF-ET pregnancy prediction. Specifically, we propose a decoupling fusion module that decouples the information from the different modalities into related and unrelated information, thereby achieving a more delicate fusion. And we fuse temporal embryo images with a spatial-temporal position encoding, and extract fertility table indicator information with a table transformer. To evaluate the effectiveness of our model, we use a new dataset including 4046 cases collected from Southern Medical University. The experiments show that our model outperforms state-of-the-art methods. Meanwhile, the performance on the eye disease prediction dataset reflects the model's good generalization. Our code is available at https://github.com/Ou-Young-1999/DFNet.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2025

ABE: A Unified Framework for Robust and Faithful Attribution-Based Explainability

Attribution algorithms are essential for enhancing the interpretability and trustworthiness of deep learning models by identifying key features driving model decisions. Existing frameworks, such as InterpretDL and OmniXAI, integrate multiple attribution methods but suffer from scalability limitations, high coupling, theoretical constraints, and lack of user-friendly implementations, hindering neural network transparency and interoperability. To address these challenges, we propose Attribution-Based Explainability (ABE), a unified framework that formalizes Fundamental Attribution Methods and integrates state-of-the-art attribution algorithms while ensuring compliance with attribution axioms. ABE enables researchers to develop novel attribution techniques and enhances interpretability through four customizable modules: Robustness, Interpretability, Validation, and Data & Model. This framework provides a scalable, extensible foundation for advancing attribution-based explainability and fostering transparent AI systems. Our code is available at: https://github.com/LMBTough/ABE-XAI.

cs.LG↗

arXiv2025

Can LLM Assist in the Evaluation of the Quality of Machine Learning Explanations?

EXplainable machine learning (XML) has recently emerged to address the mystery mechanisms of machine learning (ML) systems by interpreting their 'black box' results. Despite the development of various explanation methods, determining the most suitable XML method for specific ML contexts remains unclear, highlighting the need for effective evaluation of explanations. The evaluating capabilities of the Transformer-based large language model (LLM) present an opportunity to adopt LLM-as-a-Judge for assessing explanations. In this paper, we propose a workflow that integrates both LLM-based and human judges for evaluating explanations. We examine how LLM-based judges evaluate the quality of various explanation methods and compare their evaluation capabilities to those of human judges within an iris classification scenario, employing both subjective and objective metrics. We conclude that while LLM-based judges effectively assess the quality of explanations using subjective metrics, they are not yet sufficiently developed to replace human judges in this role.

cs.HC↗

arXiv2025

Narrowing Information Bottleneck Theory for Multimodal Image-Text Representations Interpretability

The task of identifying multimodal image-text representations has garnered increasing attention, particularly with models such as CLIP (Contrastive Language-Image Pretraining), which demonstrate exceptional performance in learning complex associations between images and text. Despite these advancements, ensuring the interpretability of such models is paramount for their safe deployment in real-world applications, such as healthcare. While numerous interpretability methods have been developed for unimodal tasks, these approaches often fail to transfer effectively to multimodal contexts due to inherent differences in the representation structures. Bottleneck methods, well-established in information theory, have been applied to enhance CLIP's interpretability. However, they are often hindered by strong assumptions or intrinsic randomness. To overcome these challenges, we propose the Narrowing Information Bottleneck Theory, a novel framework that fundamentally redefines the traditional bottleneck approach. This theory is specifically designed to satisfy contemporary attribution axioms, providing a more robust and reliable solution for improving the interpretability of multimodal models. In our experiments, compared to state-of-the-art methods, our approach enhances image interpretability by an average of 9%, text interpretability by an average of 58.83%, and accelerates processing speed by 63.95%. Our code is publicly accessible at https://github.com/LMBTough/NIB.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2025

Linking Cryptoasset Attribution Tags to Knowledge Graph Entities: An LLM-based Approach

Attribution tags form the foundation of modern cryptoasset forensics. However, inconsistent or incorrect tags can mislead investigations and even result in false accusations. To address this issue, we propose a novel computational method based on Large Language Models (LLMs) to link attribution tags with well-defined knowledge graph concepts. We implemented this method in an end-to-end pipeline and conducted experiments showing that our approach outperforms baseline methods by up to 37.4% in F1-score across three publicly available attribution tag datasets. By integrating concept filtering and blocking procedures, we generate candidate sets containing five knowledge graph entities, achieving a recall of 93% without the need for labeled data. Additionally, we demonstrate that local LLM models can achieve F1-scores of 90%, comparable to remote models which achieve 94%. We also analyze the cost-performance trade-offs of various LLMs and prompt templates, showing that selecting the most cost-effective configuration can reduce costs by 90%, with only a 1% decrease in performance. Our method not only enhances attribution tag quality but also serves as a blueprint for fostering more reliable forensic evidence.

cs.CR↗

arXiv2025

E-LENS: User Requirements-Oriented AI Ethics Assurance

Despite the much proliferation of AI ethical principles in recent years, there is a challenge of assuring AI ethics with current AI ethics frameworks in real-world applications. While system safety has emerged as a distinct discipline for a long time, originated from safety concerns in early aircraft manufacturing. The safety assurance is now an indispensable component in safety critical domains. Motivated by the assurance approaches for safety-critical systems such as aviation, this paper introduces the concept of AI ethics assurance cases into the AI ethics assurance. Three pillars of user requirements, evidence, and validation are proposed as key components and integrated into AI ethics assurance cases for a new approach of user requirements-oriented AI ethics assurance. The user requirements-oriented AI ethics assurance case is set up based on three pillars and hazard analysis methods used in the safety assurance of safety-critical systems. This paper also proposes a platform named Ethical-Lens (E-LENS) to implement the user requirements-oriented AI ethics assurance approach. The proposed user requirements-based E-LENS platform is then applied to assure AI ethics of an AI-driven human resource shortlisting system as a case study to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

cs.CY↗

arXiv2024

Attribution for Enhanced Explanation with Transferable Adversarial eXploration

The interpretability of deep neural networks is crucial for understanding model decisions in various applications, including computer vision. AttEXplore++, an advanced framework built upon AttEXplore, enhances attribution by incorporating transferable adversarial attack methods such as MIG and GRA, significantly improving the accuracy and robustness of model explanations. We conduct extensive experiments on five models, including CNNs (Inception-v3, ResNet-50, VGG16) and vision transformers (MaxViT-T, ViT-B/16), using the ImageNet dataset. Our method achieves an average performance improvement of 7.57\% over AttEXplore and 32.62\% compared to other state-of-the-art interpretability algorithms. Using insertion and deletion scores as evaluation metrics, we show that adversarial transferability plays a vital role in enhancing attribution results. Furthermore, we explore the impact of randomness, perturbation rate, noise amplitude, and diversity probability on attribution performance, demonstrating that AttEXplore++ provides more stable and reliable explanations across various models. We release our code at: https://anonymous.4open.science/r/ATTEXPLOREP-8435/

cs.AI↗

arXiv2024

AI Ethics in Smart Homes: Progress, User Requirements and Challenges

With the rise of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies in smart homes and the integration of artificial intelligence (AI), ethical concerns have become increasingly significant. This paper explores the ethical implications of AI-driven detection technologies in smart homes using the User Requirements Notation (URN) framework. In this paper, we thoroughly conduct thousands of related works from 1985 to 2024 to identify key trends in AI ethics, algorithm methods, and technological advancements. The study presents an overview of smart home and AI ethics, comparing traditional and AI-specific ethical issues, and provides guidelines for ethical design across areas like privacy, fairness, transparency, accountability, and user autonomy, offering insights for developers and researchers in smart homes.

cs.HC↗