Xintong Jiang | Search arXiv

arXiv2026

Blind Random Search with Noisy Loss Measurements: Averaging, Thresholding, and Almost Sure Convergence

Blind random search repeatedly draws a candidate point and replaces the current estimate whenever the candidate has a lower loss. In the absence of noise, the true loss is observed directly. It decreases strictly at every accepted update and is monotone nonincreasing over all iterations. Measurement noise can make a worse candidate appear better and thereby break this monotonicity. To recover almost sure convergence under noise, we incorporate averaging and thresholding into the original decision criterion. These two classical tools are coupled. As the sample sizes grow, the positive threshold shrinks at a matched rate. These modifications allow blind random search to recover eventual monotonicity of the true loss under noisy measurements and to converge almost surely.

math.OC↗

arXiv2026

PlantC2USeg: Cross-Scale Consistent Pre-Training for Few-Shot Unified Plant Point Cloud Segmentation

Modern crop breeding demands precise organ-level analysis for trait quantification, making plant point cloud segmentation (PPCS) increasingly important. However, conventional deep learning approaches rely heavily on densely annotated datasets that are labor-intensive to acquire. Unified PPCS adaptation from distribution-shifted examples with minimal additional training remains challenging. To address this, we propose PlantC2USeg, a deep transfer learning framework featuring cross-scale consistency learning to explicitly align features across spatial scales and an information-restricted decoding strategy that prevents reconstruction shortcuts and promotes robust adaptation. The resulting pre-training enables stable few-shot generalization across species and sensing conditions, while unified fine-tuning with inherited thresholds further reduces adaptation overhead. Under full supervision on Soybean3D, PlantC2USeg achieves the highest semantic IoU and instance mWCov among compared methods, at 91.91% and 94.62%. With 20 labeled samples, it leads both metrics at 89.78% and 90.27%; with only 10 samples, it retains the highest mWCov of 83.23% while achieving 83.19% IoU. Across HR3D, 10-shot transfer to tobacco, tomato, and sorghum averages 78.41% IoU and 79.42% mWCov, while 22-shot transfer to SYAU-Maize achieves the highest IoU and mRec at 92.75% and 93.51%. Furthermore, a leading category-averaged mIoU of 85.0% on ShapeNet Part demonstrates the framework's capability to handle diverse shape variations beyond agricultural domains. These results demonstrate that PlantC2USeg reduces overall adaptation effort under distribution shifts, enabling scalable plant phenotyping and transferable 3D representation learning beyond agriculture.

cs.CV↗