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arXiv · 2407.21075

Apple Intelligence Foundation Language Models

Tom Gunter·Zirui Wang·Chong Wang·Ruoming Pang·Andy Narayanan·Aonan Zhang·Bowen Zhang·Chen Chen·Chung-Cheng Chiu·David Qiu·Deepak Gopinath·Dian Ang Yap·Dong Yin·Feng Nan·Floris Weers·Guoli Yin·Haoshuo Huang·Jianyu Wang·Jiarui Lu·John Peebles·Ke Ye·Mark Lee·Nan Du·Qibin Chen·Quentin Keunebroek·Sam Wiseman·Syd Evans·Tao Lei·Vivek Rathod·Xiang Kong·Xianzhi Du·Yanghao Li·Yongqiang Wang·Yuan Gao·Zaid Ahmed·Zhaoyang Xu·Zhiyun Lu·Al Rashid·Albin Madappally Jose·Alec Doane·Alfredo Bencomo·Allison Vanderby·Andrew Hansen·Ankur Jain·Anupama Mann Anupama·Areeba Kamal·Bugu Wu·Carolina Brum·Charlie Maalouf·Chinguun Erdenebileg·Chris Dulhanty·Daniel Parilla·Dominik Moritz·Doug Kang·Eduardo Jimenez·Evan Ladd·Fangping Shi·Felix Bai·Frank Chu·Fred Hohman·Hadas Kotek·Hannah Gillis Coleman·Jane Li·Jeffrey Bigham·Jeffery Cao·Jeff Lai·Jessica Cheung·Jiulong Shan·Joe Zhou·John Li·Jun Qin·Karanjeet Singh·Karla Vega·Kelvin Zou·Laura Heckman·Lauren Gardiner·Margit Bowler·Maria Cordell·Meng Cao·Nicole Hay·Nilesh Shahdadpuri·Otto Godwin·Pranay Dighe·Pushyami Rachapudi·Ramsey Tantawi·Roman Frigg·Sam Davarnia·Sanskruti Shah·Saptarshi Guha·Sasha Sirovica·Shen Ma·Shuang Ma·Simon Wang·Sulgi Kim·Suma Jayaram·Vaishaal Shankar·Varsha Paidi·Vivek Kumar·Xin Wang·Xin Zheng
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Abstract

We present foundation language models developed to power Apple Intelligence features, including a ~3 billion parameter model designed to run efficiently on devices and a large server-based language model designed for Private Cloud Compute. These models are designed to perform a wide range of tasks efficiently, accurately, and responsibly. This report describes the model architecture, the data used to train the model, the training process, how the models are optimized for inference, and the evaluation results. We highlight our focus on Responsible AI and how the principles are applied throughout the model development.

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Tom Gunter, Zirui Wang, Chong Wang, Ruoming Pang, Andy Narayanan, Aonan Zhang, Bowen Zhang, Chen Chen, Chung-Cheng Chiu, David Qiu, Deepak Gopinath, Dian Ang Yap, Dong Yin, Feng Nan, Floris Weers, Guoli Yin, Haoshuo Huang, Jianyu Wang, Jiarui Lu, John Peebles, Ke Ye, Mark Lee, Nan Du, Qibin Chen, Quentin Keunebroek, Sam Wiseman, Syd Evans, Tao Lei, Vivek Rathod, Xiang Kong, Xianzhi Du, Yanghao Li, Yongqiang Wang, Yuan Gao, Zaid Ahmed, Zhaoyang Xu, Zhiyun Lu, Al Rashid, Albin Madappally Jose, Alec Doane, Alfredo Bencomo, Allison Vanderby, Andrew Hansen, Ankur Jain, Anupama Mann Anupama, Areeba Kamal, Bugu Wu, Carolina Brum, Charlie Maalouf, Chinguun Erdenebileg, Chris Dulhanty, Daniel Parilla, Dominik Moritz, Doug Kang, Eduardo Jimenez, Evan Ladd, Fangping Shi, Felix Bai, Frank Chu, Fred Hohman, Hadas Kotek, Hannah Gillis Coleman, Jane Li, Jeffrey Bigham, Jeffery Cao, Jeff Lai, Jessica Cheung, Jiulong Shan, Joe Zhou, John Li, Jun Qin, Karanjeet Singh, Karla Vega, Kelvin Zou, Laura Heckman, Lauren Gardiner, Margit Bowler, Maria Cordell, Meng Cao, Nicole Hay, Nilesh Shahdadpuri, Otto Godwin, Pranay Dighe, Pushyami Rachapudi, Ramsey Tantawi, Roman Frigg, Sam Davarnia, Sanskruti Shah, Saptarshi Guha, Sasha Sirovica, Shen Ma, Shuang Ma, Simon Wang, Sulgi Kim, Suma Jayaram, Vaishaal Shankar, Varsha Paidi, Vivek Kumar, Xin Wang, Xin Zheng. 2024-07-29. Apple Intelligence Foundation Language Models. https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.21075

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