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arXiv · 2503.06138

System 0/1/2/3: Quad-process theory for multi-timescale embodied collective cognitive systems

Tadahiro Taniguchi·Yasushi Hirai·Masahiro Suzuki·Shingo Murata·Takato Horii·Kazutoshi Tanaka
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Abstract

This paper introduces the System 0/1/2/3 framework as an extension of dual-process theory, employing a quad-process model of cognition. Expanding upon System 1 (fast, intuitive thinking) and System 2 (slow, deliberative thinking), we incorporate System 0, which represents pre-cognitive embodied processes, and System 3, which encompasses collective intelligence and symbol emergence. We contextualize this model within Bergson's philosophy by adopting multi-scale time theory to unify the diverse temporal dynamics of cognition. System 0 emphasizes morphological computation and passive dynamics, illustrating how physical embodiment enables adaptive behavior without explicit neural processing. Systems 1 and 2 are explained from a constructive perspective, incorporating neurodynamical and AI viewpoints. In System 3, we introduce collective predictive coding to explain how societal-level adaptation and symbol emergence operate over extended timescales. This comprehensive framework ranges from rapid embodied reactions to slow-evolving collective intelligence, offering a unified perspective on cognition across multiple timescales, levels of abstraction, and forms of human intelligence. The System 0/1/2/3 model provides a novel theoretical foundation for understanding the interplay between adaptive and cognitive processes, thereby opening new avenues for research in cognitive science, AI, robotics, and collective intelligence.

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Tadahiro Taniguchi, Yasushi Hirai, Masahiro Suzuki, Shingo Murata, Takato Horii, Kazutoshi Tanaka. 2025-03-08. System 0/1/2/3: Quad-process theory for multi-timescale embodied collective cognitive systems. https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.06138

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