Multimodal, Multi-Disease Medical Imaging Foundation Model (MerMED-FM)

Yang Zhou; Chrystie Wan Ning Quek; Jun Zhou; Yan Wang; Yang Bai; Yuhe Ke; Jie Yao; Laura Gutierrez; Zhen Ling Teo; Darren Shu Jeng Ting; Brian T. Soetikno; Christopher S. Nielsen; Tobias Elze; Zengxiang Li; Linh Le Dinh; Lionel Tim-Ee Cheng; Tran Nguyen Tuan Anh; Chee Leong Cheng; Tien Yin Wong; Nan Liu; Iain Beehuat Tan; Tony Kiat Hon Lim; Rick Siow Mong Goh; Yong Liu; Daniel Shu Wei Ting

arXiv · 2507.00185

Multimodal, Multi-Disease Medical Imaging Foundation Model (MerMED-FM)

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Abstract

Current artificial intelligence models for medical imaging are predominantly single modality and single disease. Attempts to create multimodal and multi-disease models have resulted in inconsistent clinical accuracy. Furthermore, training these models typically requires large, labour-intensive, well-labelled datasets. We developed MerMED-FM, a state-of-the-art multimodal, multi-specialty foundation model trained using self-supervised learning and a memory module. MerMED-FM was trained on 3.3 million medical images from over ten specialties and seven modalities, including computed tomography (CT), chest X-rays (CXR), ultrasound (US), pathology patches, color fundus photography (CFP), optical coherence tomography (OCT) and dermatology images. MerMED-FM was evaluated across multiple diseases and compared against existing foundational models. Strong performance was achieved across all modalities, with AUROCs of 0.988 (OCT); 0.982 (pathology); 0.951 (US); 0.943 (CT); 0.931 (skin); 0.894 (CFP); 0.858 (CXR). MerMED-FM has the potential to be a highly adaptable, versatile, cross-specialty foundation model that enables robust medical imaging interpretation across diverse medical disciplines.

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Yang Zhou, Chrystie Wan Ning Quek, Jun Zhou, Yan Wang, Yang Bai, Yuhe Ke, Jie Yao, Laura Gutierrez, Zhen Ling Teo, Darren Shu Jeng Ting, Brian T. Soetikno, Christopher S. Nielsen, Tobias Elze, Zengxiang Li, Linh Le Dinh, Lionel Tim-Ee Cheng, Tran Nguyen Tuan Anh, Chee Leong Cheng, Tien Yin Wong, Nan Liu, Iain Beehuat Tan, Tony Kiat Hon Lim, Rick Siow Mong Goh, Yong Liu, Daniel Shu Wei Ting. 2025-06-30. Multimodal, Multi-Disease Medical Imaging Foundation Model (MerMED-FM). https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.00185

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