Deep Learning-Enhanced Real-Time Wi-Fi Sensing Through Single Transceiver Pair

Abstract

The advancement of next-generation Wi-Fi technology heavily relies on sensing capabilities, which play a pivotal role in enabling sophisticated applications. In response to the growing demand for large-scale deployments, contemporary Wi-Fi sensing systems strive to achieve high-precision perception while maintaining minimal bandwidth consumption and antenna count requirements. Remarkably, various deep learning-driven perception technologies have demonstrated the ability to surpass conventional resolution limits. However, the theoretical underpinnings of this phenomenon have not been thoroughly investigated in existing research. We find that under hardware-constrained conditions, the performance gains of deep learning in Wi-Fi sensing primarily originate from two aspects: prior information and temporal correlation, which act as specific forms of side information that reduce the estimation error bound. We construct a deep learning-based Wi-Fi sensing system using only a single transceiver pair and design experiments to validate these gains. The system achieves an average human pose estimation error of 0.2189 m and an average localization error of 0.6124 m, while operating in real time at 42 fps on commodity hardware.