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arXiv · 2607.03160

The Role of Prompt Language and Translation-Theory-Driven Prompts in Large Language Models: A Case Study on Spanish-Chinese Journalistic Translation

Haohong Lai·Weijia Li
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Abstract

This study examines how prompt language and translation theory-driven prompt design influence the quality of Spanish-Chinese journalistic translations generated by GPT-5.2. A parallel corpus of four editorials from El Pais was translated under 48 experimental conditions (4 prompt types, 3 prompt languages, and 4 articles). Translation quality was assessed using BLEU and BERTScore-F1 for automated evaluation, alongside human evaluation based on the Multidimensional Quality Metrics (MQM) framework. Automated metrics identified the baseline prompt (BASE) as the best-performing condition, whereas human evaluation ranked the brief-oriented prompt (BRIEF) highest (MQM: 8.66 vs. 7.84), a reversal likely attributable to the single-reference constraint inherent in automated measures. Sub-error type analysis revealed that translation theory-driven prompts selectively reduced Awkward style errors, while Unidiomatic style errors persisted across conditions. Prompt language had a negligible impact under both evaluation paradigms. These results indicate that translation theory-driven prompts can yield measurable quality gains under expert evaluation of journalistic translations, although their pedagogical implications for language learners remain suggestive and require validation through user-based studies.

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Haohong Lai, Weijia Li. 2026-07-03. The Role of Prompt Language and Translation-Theory-Driven Prompts in Large Language Models: A Case Study on Spanish-Chinese Journalistic Translation. https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.03160

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